Governor.



N0l 865,082. PATENTED SEPT. 3, 1907. E. F. CASSEL. GOVERNOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. e. 1906.

h D I EE o E llucnlon @Mmmm gyfa/@w 9311 5g Q l 9 W t I dmnwq Ait hasbeen found controlled by a planetary gear.

PATENT OFFICE.

ELMER F. CASSEL, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON.

GOVERNOR.

k Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 3, 1907.

Application led Marcil 6,1906. Serial No. 304,562.V

To all whom it 'may concern:

Be it known that I, ELMER F. CASSEL, of Seattle, in the county of King,State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Governors, of which the following is a specification.

This invention contemplates certain new and useful improvements ingovernors, and relates more particularly to that class of governorswhich are employed to regulate the power applied to hydraulic motors orwater wheels.

Heretofore hydraulic governors have been produced which operate |toregulate the speed of the motor by altering the angle of the nozzle orfeed, with relation to the motor buckets, whereby a reduced volume ofwater acts against'the latter; or else means have been provided forshutting off or reducing the ow from the nozzle. When however, suc'hgovernors have been applied to motors working under large quantities ofwater, in practice that the pressure is frequently so great that theregulating means is necessarily slow acting. As a consequence, beforethe column of water can be reduced the mechanism is often racked to sucha degree as to cause serious injury. My present invention is designed toovercome these defects by providing a governor which will be extremelysensitive to the slightest variations in speed of themotor and whichwill at the same time possess sufficient power for promptly andmechanically actuating and efficiently effecting a positive control ofthe nozzles, gates, or other means for controlling the volume of wateracting upon said motor, whereby the speed of the motor is rendereduniform under all conditions.

In carrying out my invention, I provide suitable means for controllingthe water supply with respect to a prime mover, which means is operatedby a shaft One member of said gear is connected to rotate with the motorto be governed, the opposite member of said gearbeing connected with asupplemen`tal motor constructed to maintain a uniform speed under allcohditi'ons, any difference in speed of the two members of the planetarygear thus connected serving to effect a corresponding movement of theshaft controlling the water supply.

The'invention will be hereinafter fully set forth and particularlypointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatical viewillustrating my invention. Figs. 2

and 3 are views of a slightly modified form of auxiliary motor.

l Referring to the drawing, 10i designates the main motor, which I shallhereafter term the prime mover, the form illustrated being of the wellknown Pelton type. On a counter shaft 11 are rotatably mounted twosleeves 12, 12, the adjacent ends of which are prol vided with bevelgears 13, 13, the outer ends of said sleeves being provided with pulleys14, 14. The counter shaft 11 is also provided with two oppositelyarranged pinions 15, interposed between and meshing with gears 13, 13,and mounted to move with said counter shaft as the latter' rotates. Thegears and pinions thus referred to form a well known type of planetarygear. The counter shaft l1 is also provided with a toothed pinion orsegment 16 in mesh with a rack 17, which in turn controls the watersupply.

The prime mover 10 is connected to the pulley 14 by a suitable belt 18,while pulley 14 is connected by a belt I8/ to the pulley 19 of asupplemental or auxiliary governing motor 20. This latter may be of anypreferred type the speed of which will not be affected by the speed ofthe prime mover, but I have illustrated a motor which is a slightmodication of the hydraulic motor, for which Letters Patent 652,715 and654,872

were granted to me June 26th 1900, and .IulySlst 1900 respectively. Inthe form illustrated, the motor body comprises a slidable hub mounted torotate with shaft S,and provided with two disks 22, 22 upon theperipheries of which are secured buckets 23, which arc oppositelyarranged, 'L'. e. arranged in such manner that power applied theretowill tend to rotate the Wheel in opposite directions. Said buckets areactuated by fluid, preferably water, discharged from nozzles 24, 24, thenozzle24 serving 'to normally operate the motor and occupying the usualposition relative to the buckets of disk 22. The nozzle 24 is to oneside of the normal path of movement of disk 22. A disk 25 is alsorigidly mounted on shaft S and provided with weighted governor arms 26which areconnected by levers 27 with the motor body, whereby anymovement of said arms 26 is communicated to said body.

In practice the motor 20 has a tendency to rotate at a uniform speed,whereupon any change in the speed of rotation of the prime mover isreflected upon the planetary gears in the well known manner, thuseffecting a rotation of counter shaft 1l, and a corresponding movementof rack 17, controlling the water supply.

It will be noted, however, that an increase in the load upon the primemover 10 reduces the speed of the latter and tends to reduce the speedof the auxiliary motor 20 below normal, while a decrease in the loadupon l the prime mover 10 tends Ato increase the speed of the lauxiliary motor20 above normal, these tendencies bei ing due to the beltor other connection with the planetary gear. The effect of thiscondition is such as to render the governing action applied to the primemover inoperative unless the resistance of the auxiliary motor toacceleration and retardation is equal to the resistance of the governingaction applied to the prime mover. To overcome this defect, theauxiliary gear is operating to cut off the power applied to the time,buckets of disk 22 prime mover.

When this action is completed, no further load being driven by theauxiliary motor, the action of the governor arms 26 Awill cause themotor body to move laterally on shaft S until the buckets or disk 22assume the position X, illustrated in dotted lines,

Where just enough power is applied from jet 24 to keep the auxiliarymotor at normal speed. At the same will be in the position indicated byY, barely coming vinto the line of the jet 24. Now, assuming that theopposite governing action for the prime mover takes place, i. e. toincrease the power applied to the prime mover, the planetary gear willtend to drive the auxiliary motor (already running at normal speed) "ata higher rate of speed. As the speed of the auxiliary motor ,increasesthe disks 22, 22 will move further to the right under the influence ofthe governor arms, whereupon the buckets of disk 22 will mo`ve entirelyout of the line of iet 24 and the bucketsof disk 22 enter into jet 24,the latter acting in a direction tending to reverse the rotation lof theauxiliary motor thus retarding the same to such an extent as willprevent further increase in the speed of the motor, or in other Wordskeep the same at normal speed. As soon as the speed diminishes, thegovernor arms 26 and the disks of the auxiliary motor assume theirnormal positions. In this manner the power governing means is rendereddelicate and positive in its operation, and all objections ofover-governing or under-governin g are ob viated.

If it is desired tohave a more sensitive auxiliary motor than the oneheretofore described, the same can be secured by arranging the jets 24,24 as indicated in Fig. 2. By referring to said figure it will be notedthat each jet is arranged to slightly impinge against the outer edges ofits respective buckets, the reversing' action of the jet 24 serving tohold the speed of rotation down to the desired normal'. As soon,however, as any influence is brought to bear upon the auxiliary motor toincrease the speed of rotation thereof, the disk 22 is moved out of theline of impact of jet 24 while disk 22 is moved to the right and in apositionA to receive the full force of the jet 24', with the result thatthe tend.- ency to increase the speed of rotation is at oncecounteracted by the reversing action of said jet 24, whereupon the partsimmediately resume their normal speed.

I am aware that attempts have been made to govern the speed of hydraulicmotors by means of an auxiliary l motor and intermediate planetary gear,and that one or more patents have been granted for such devices, butthey have not been successful commercially, for the reason that theauxiliary motor was not constructed to maintain an absolutely uniformspeed under all conditions, thereby causing fluctuations in thegoverning efficiency. I believe myself, however, to be the first toproduce a governor o this character in which the auxiliary motor isprovided with means for positively maintaining a uniform normal speed ofrotation under any and all conditions, and I accordingly make broadclaim thereto.

The advantages of my improved governor will be at once apparent to thoseskilled in the art to which the same appertains. l

It will be particularly noted that I have produced a governor that isexceedingly sensitive to the slightest variations in speed of the primemover, and in which the governing action is such that the power appliedto the prime mover is uniformly commensurate with the work to beperformed. My improved governor is also free from delicate andcomplicated mechanism and is so constructed as not to readily get out oforder or become deranged. I

It 4will also be noted that while I have illustrated and described myimproved governor as applied to a hydraulic motor, it is not limited inits application to this class of inventions.

It is readily apparent that the same may be used as the governingelement of any other form of prime mover.

It will also be noted that the auxiliary motor illustrated, anddescribed is virtually a reversible motor, which is as effectivelygoverned in one direction as in the other, and that by means thereof anytendency of the prime mover to rotate the auxiliary motor is effectivelyovercome. In this connection, however, I do not desire to limit myselfto the specific auxiliary motor shown and. described.

I claim as my invention:

1. A governor comprising a reversible reversely governed auxiliarymotor, and means for varying the power applied to the element to begoverned in proportion to the differences of speed occurring betweensaid governed and said auxiliary motor.

2. A governor' comprising an auxiliary motor, means for driving thesame, means for varying the power applied to a prime mover in proportionto the differences in speed occurring between the auxiliary motor andthe prime mover, and means for counteracting any tendency of. the primemover to drive the auxiliary motor.

3. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor, means for driving the same,means for maintaining said auxiliary motor at a uniform speedundernormal conditions, means for varying the power applied to a prime moverin proportion to the differences of. speed occurring between theauxiliary motor and the prime mover, and means for counteracting anytendency'of the prime mover to drive the auxiliary motor.

4. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor, means for driving the same,means for varying the power applied to a prime mover in proportion tothe differences in speed occurring between the auxiliary motor and theprime mover, and means vior applying power in opposite directions tosaid auxiliary motor to counteract any tendency to govern the speed ofsaid auxiliary motor.

5. A governor comprising a reversible auxiliary motor, reverselyoperated means for maintaining said motor at a uniform speed ofrotation, and means for varying the power applied to the element to begoverned in proportion to the differences in speed occurring betweensaid governed element sind said auxiliary motor.

6. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor provided i with reverselyoperated buckets, means for moving said buckets in-to and out of theirrespective lrnes of impact, and means for varying the power applied tothe element to be governed in proportion to the differences ln speedbetween said governed element and said auxiliary motor.

7. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor provided with two memberseach having buckets arranged to be reversely operated, means for movingsaid buckets into and out of their respective lines of impact, and meansfor varying the power applied to the element to be governed inproportion to the differences in speed between said governed element andsaid auxiliary motor.

8. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor formed of a pair of disksprovided wlth'la common hub, each disk being provided with bucketsarranged to be reversely operated, means for moving said buckets intoand out of their respective lines of impact, and means for varying thepower applied to the element to be governed in proportion to thedilerences in speed between said governed element and said auxiliarymotor.

9. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor, tneans for driving thesaine, a planetary gear connected with said auxiliary motorand also withthe element to be governed,

means controlled by said planetary gear for regulating the power appliedto the element to be governed, and means for counteracting any tendencyof the governed element to drive the auxiliary motor through saidplanetary gear.

10. A governor comprising a reversible reversely governed auxiliarymotor, a planetary gear connected with said motor and also with theelement to be governed, and means controlled by said planetary gear forregulating the power applied to the element to be governed.

ll. A governor comprising an auxiliary motor provided with reverselyoperated buckets, means for moving `said buckets into and out of theirrespective lines of impact, a planetary gear connected with said motorand also with the element to be governed, and means controlled by saidplanetary gear for regulating the power applied to the element to hegoverned. l

In testimony whereof, I have signed this specification in the presenceof two subscribing witnesses.

' ELMER F. CASSEL. Witnesses a A W. H. H. YOUNG, DAVID yREED..

